As depicted by these two graphs, the first create by S. George for the Project Production Institute (PPC0 using date from the US Bureau of Economic Research and the other by Paul Tiecholz of the Center for Facility Engineering (CIFE) at Stanford University. Though the charts cannot be connected side by side they depict that the construction industry has shown no improvement in productivity over the past 115 years. Recent analysis by McKinsey indicates productivity in construction has declined since the conclusion of COVID 19.